What is not included in the extrinsic influences on fetal heart patterns?

Fetal genetics is indeed not included as an extrinsic influence on fetal heart patterns. Extrinsic factors refer to external influences that can affect the functioning of the fetal heart and its patterns during monitoring. These factors typically involve physiological interactions, such as how the mother’s body impacts the fetal environment.

Maternal utero-placental circulation, fetal placental circulation, and umbilical cord blood flow are all crucial components of the maternal-fetal unit that can significantly affect fetal heart rate patterns. For example, maternal utero-placental circulation refers to how well blood is supplied to the placenta, directly impacting oxygen delivery to the fetus. Similarly, cardiac and blood flow dynamics through the umbilical cord are vital for ensuring that the fetus receives necessary nutrients and oxygen.

In contrast, fetal genetics pertains to the hereditary factors that are intrinsic to the fetus itself, such as chromosome makeup and potential genetic disorders. While genetics can influence overall health and development, they are not a direct external factor influencing the immediate physiological state of fetal heart rates during monitoring.