Which type of deceleration is characterized by a depth more than 15 bpm and a duration that is more than 15 seconds but less than 2 minutes?

The correct answer is variable deceleration, which is characterized by abrupt decreases in fetal heart rate that can vary in depth and duration. Specifically, variable decelerations are typically defined as decreases in the fetal heart rate that are at least 15 beats per minute below the baseline and last more than 15 seconds but less than 2 minutes. They can occur in response to cord compression, which is common during labor and can be influenced by factors such as maternal position and uterine contractions.

Understanding the characteristics of variable decelerations helps in monitoring fetal well-being. This type of deceleration is recognized by its sudden onset and resolution, which is different from early and late decelerations that have more predictable patterns and are linked to uterine contractions and placental insufficiency, respectively. Prolonged decelerations, on the other hand, involve a decrease in fetal heart rate that lasts more than 2 minutes, making them distinct from variable decelerations.

In essence, recognizing the specific parameters of variable decelerations allows healthcare providers to appropriately assess fetal distress and implement necessary interventions during labor.