With how many conditions can a fetal spiral electrode be used?

The use of a fetal spiral electrode, which is a device used to monitor the fetal heart rate directly, is contraindicated in certain conditions due to the risk of infection or complications. In the context of monitoring during labor, this invasive procedure should not be performed when there is the potential for maternal or fetal risk.

Hepatitis is correct because, while HIV and herpes can both be managed and precautions taken during labor, hepatitis presents a higher risk for fetal exposure through direct contact during an invasive procedure like the placement of a fetal spiral electrode. This is primarily due to the risk of transmitting the virus through maternal blood or amniotic fluid.

On the other hand, herpes and HIV can be managed with appropriate antiviral medications and precautions to reduce the risk of transmission. Placenta previa represents a situation where the placenta covers the cervix, increasing the risk of bleeding, but it does not inherently prevent the use of a spiral electrode, although it may warrant consideration of method and environment for monitoring.

Understanding these conditions helps to recognize the prioritization of fetal and maternal safety in the use of electronic fetal monitoring techniques.